The best heat treatment temperature for H13 mold steel is HRC48-52 degrees. But adjustments need to be made according to different mold usage requirements.
Heat treatment process of H13 mold steel:
1. The H13 steel and mold blanks supplied in the pre heat treatment market have undergone annealing heat treatment in steel mills, ensuring good metallographic structure, appropriate hardness, and good processability, without the need for further annealing. However, after the manufacturing plant underwent forging modification, the original structure and properties were damaged, increasing the forging stress and requiring re annealing.
The isothermal spheroidizing annealing process involves heating and holding at 860-890 ℃ for 2 hours, cooling to 740-760 ℃ for 4 hours, and cooling to about 500 ℃ before being discharged from the furnace.
2. Quenching and tempering requirements for molds with good toughness: heating temperature 1020-1050 ℃, oil cooled or air cooled, hardness 54-58HRC; The quenching process specification for molds with a focus on heat hardening, heating temperature of 1050~1080 ℃, oil cooling, and hardness of 56~58HRC are required.
Recommended tempering temperature: 530-560 ℃, hardness 48-52HRC; Tempering temperature 560-580 ℃; Hardness 47-49HRC.
Tempering should be carried out twice. When tempered at 500 ℃, a secondary hardening peak appears, with the highest tempering hardness around 55HRC, but the worst toughness. Therefore, the tempering process should avoid around 500 ℃. According to the usage needs of the mold, it is better to temper within the range of 540~620 ℃.
Quenching heating should be preheated twice (600-650 ℃, 800-850 ℃) to reduce thermal stress generated during the heating process.
3. Chemical heat treatment of H13 steel can further strengthen the mold by gas nitriding or nitrocarburizing, but its nitriding temperature should not be higher than the tempering temperature to ensure that the core strength does not decrease, thereby improving the service life of the mold.
H13 steel is the most widely used and representative hot work mold steel, and its main characteristics are:
(1) Has high hardenability and toughness;
(2) Excellent heat cracking resistance, which can be water-cooled in the workplace;
(3) Has moderate wear resistance and can also be improved by carburizing or nitriding processes
Its surface hardness should be slightly reduced, but its resistance to thermal cracking should be slightly reduced;
(4) Due to its low carbon content, the secondary hardening ability during tempering is poor;
（5）Has anti softening ability at higher temperatures, but uses temperatures higher than 540 ℃
The hardness decreases rapidly (i.e. the working temperature it can withstand is 540 ℃);
（6）The deformation of heat treatment is small;
（7）Moderate and high machinability;
（8）Moderate decarbonization resistance.
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